General competitions rules

General competitions rules:

The athletics facility

Any firm, uniform surface, which conforms to the specifications in the IAAF track and field Facilities manual, may be used for athletics.

Track and field competitions under rule 1.1(a) may be held only on synthetic surfaced facilities Conforming to the IAAF performance specifications for synthetic surfaces and which hold a Current valid IAAF class 1 athletics facility certificate.

It is recommended that, when such facilities are available, competitions under rules 

1.1(b) to (j)should also be held on these facilities.

in any case, a class 2 athletics facility certificate attesting to the dimensional accuracy of the track and the field events facilities in the format required under the IAAF certification system shall be required for all facilities intended for use for competitions under rule 1.1 (b) to (j).

note (i): the IAAF track and field facilities manual available from the IAAF office, contains more detailed and defined specifications for the planning and constructions of track and field facilities including further diagrams for track measurement and marking.

master men and women: any athlete who has reached his/her 35 Th birthday.

note(I): all other matters concerning masters' competitions are referred to the IAAF/WMA  handbook approved by the IAAF and WMA councils.

Entries

1.competitions under IAAF rules are restricted to eligible athletes

2.no athlete shall be allowed to compete outside his own country unless his eligibility is guaranteed by his member federation from whom he has permission to compete. in all international competitions, such guarantee of eligibility of an athlete shall be accepted unless an objections as to his status is made to the technical delegate(s) (see also rule 146.1).

failure to participate

At all competitions under rules 1.1 (a), (b), (c) and (f) except as provided below, an athlete shall be excluded from participation in all further events in the competitions, including relax, in cases where.

(a) a final confirmation was given that the athlete would start in an event but then failed to participate.

(b) he qualified in preliminaries or heats for further participation in an event but then failed to participate further.

the provision of a medical certificate, endorsed by a medical officer appointed or approved by the iaaf and/or the organising committee, may be accepted as sufficient reason to accept that the athlete became unable to compete after confirmations closed or after competing in a previous round but will be able to compete in further events on a subsequent day  of the competition. other justifiable reasons (e.g factors independent of the athlete's own actions, such as problems with the official transport system) may, after confirmation, also be accepted by the technical delegates's (s) 

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Track events

Track events:

rules 163.2, 163.6 (except under rules 230.11 and 240.10), 164.2 and 165 also apply to sections vll, vlll, and ix.

track measurements

1.the length of a standard running track shall be 400m. it shall consist of two parallel straights and two bends whose radii shall be equal. the inside of the track shall be bordered by a kerb of suitable material, approximately 5cm in height and minimum 5cm in width.

2.If a section of the kerb has to be temporarily removed for field events, its place shall be marked with a white line 5cm in width and by cons or flags, minimum height 20cm, placed on the white line so that the edge of the base of the cone or flag pole coincides with the edge of the white line closest s to the track, and placed at intervals not exceeding 4m to prevent an y athlete running on the line.(flags shall be placed at an angle of 60 with the ground away from the track.) this shall also apply to the section of the steeplechase track where athletes divert from the main track to negotiate the water jump.

3.The measurement shall be taken 30 cm outward from the kerb exists, 20 cm  from the line marking track measurements (in field view)

4.The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the start line farther from the finish to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start.

5.In all races up to and including 400m, each athlete shall have a separate lane, with a width of 1.22m+0.01m marked by white lines 5cm in width. all lanes shall be the same width. the inner lane shall be measured as stated in rule 160.2, but the remaining lanes shall be measured 20cm from the outer edges of the lines.

6.In international competitions under rules 1.1 (a), (b), (c) and (f), the track should allow for eight lanes.

7.The lateral inclination of tracks should not exceed 1:100 and the overall inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1:1000 downwards.

note: it is recommended that, for new tracks, the lateral inclination should be towards the inside lane.

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Medical delegate

Medical delegate

The medical delegates shall have ultimate authority on all medical matters. He shall ensure that adequate facilities for medical examination, treatment and emergency care will be available at the site of the competition and that medical attention can be provided where athletes are accommodated. The medical delegate shall also have the authority to arrange for the determination of the gender of an athlete should he judge that to be desirable.

International road course measurer

at competitions organised under rule 1.1 an  international road course measurer shall be appointed to verify the courses measurer shall be member of the IAAF AIMS panel of international road course measures (grade a or b) the course should be measured in good time before the competition.

International starter and international photo finish judge

at all competitions under rules 1.1 (a), (b), (c) and (f) held in the stadium, an international starter and an international photo finish judge shall be appointed respectively by IAAF or the relevant area association. the international starter shall start the races (and undertake any other duties) assigned to him by the technical delegate(s). the international photo finish judge shall supervise all photo finish functions.

Jury of appeal

at all competitions organised under rules 1.1 (a), (b), (c) and five or seven persons shall be appointed. one of its members shall be the chairman and another the secretary. if and when considered as appropriate, the secretary may be a person not included in the jury.

Furthermore, a jury should likewise be appointed at other furthermore, a jury should likewise be appointed at other competitions where the organisers deem it desirable or necessary in the interest of the proper conduct of the competitions.

the primary functions of the jury shall be to deal with all appeals under rule 146, and with any matters arising during the course of the competitions which are referred to it for decision. the jury may reconsider a decision if new conclusive evidence is presented, provided the new decision is still applicable.

decisions involving points which are not converted by the rules shall be reported subsequently by the chairman of the jury to the general secretary of the IAAF.

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General technical rules

General technical rules:

General

All international competitions, as defined in rule 1.1(a),(b),(c) and (f), the following officials should be appointed internationally

a. organisational delegates (s)

b.technical delegate(s)

c.medical delegate

d.doping control delegate

e.international technical officials/international cross country, road running and mountain running officials/area technical officials

f.international race walking judges/area race walking judges

h.international starter(s)

i. international photo finish judge

j. jury of appeal

The number of officials appointed in each category shall be indicated in the current iaaf (or area association) technical regulations.

at competitions organised under rule 1.1 (a)

the selection of persons under (a), (b), (c), (d), and (j) is made by the iaaf council.

The selection of persons under(e) is made by the council from members of the iaaf panels of international technical official's or the international cross country, road running and mountains running.

Officials respectively, the selection of persons under (f)is made by the iaaf council from members of the iaaf panel of international race walking judges.

The selection of the person under (g) is made by the of international road course measurer's. the selection of persons under (h)is made by the technical delegates from members of the iaaf panel of international starters.

The selection of the person under (i) is made by the technical delegates from members of the iaaf panel of international photo finish judges.

The iaaf council shall approve criteria of selection,qualification and duties of the above-mentioned official's. IAAF members may suggest suitably qualified persons for selection.

At competitions organised under rules 1.1(c) and (f) these persons will be selected by the relevant area associations. in the case of the area

Technical officials and area race walking judges, the selection is made by the relevant area association from their selection is made by the relevant area association from their own list of area technical officials and area race walking judges.

For competitions organised under rules 1.1 (a), and (e)(i), IAAF may appoint an advertising commissioner. for competitions under rules 1.1(c), (f) and (j), any such appointments will be made by the relevant area association, for competitions under rule 1.1 (b) by the relevant body, and for competition under rules 1.1(d), (h) and (i), by the relevant IAAF member.

note:

The international official's should wear distinctive attire or insignia.

the travelling expenses of each individual appointed by the IAAF or an area association under this rule or  under rule 3.2 shall be paid to the individual by the organisers of the competition not later than  fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. in cases involving flights over 1500 miles, business class return air travel shall be provided. accommodation expenses shall also be paid by the organisers not later than the final day of the championship or athletics section of the games or on the day of the meeting itself if the competitions is a one-day meeting.

Organisational delegates

The organisational delegates shall maintain close liaison with the organising committee at all times ans report regularly to the IAAF council, and they shall deal as necessary with matters concerning the duties ans financial responsibilities of the organising member's and the organising committee they shall cooperate with the technical delegates(s).

Technical delegates

the technical delegates, in conjunction with the organising committee, which shall afford them all necessary help, are responsible for ensuring that all technical arrangements are in complete conformity with IAAF technical rules and the and the IAAF track and field facilities manual.

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Recovery

Recovery:

The left foot remains grounded and the right leg is brought past it to halt the athlete. the amount of space needed to stop before the scratch line depends on the amount of horizontal momentum. This is typically 1.5 to 2 metres. adjustment of the check mark is required to achieve optimum distance on the runway.

Types of track: tack is classified into two types

1.standard track-400 meters track.

2.non-standard track-200 meters track.

standard track consists of maximum number of lanes are 

8 and minimum 6.

Staggers of 400m race in a standard track, each

lane is is 1.22 m wide

lane     stagger   lane   stagger

1st      0.00m      5th   30.05m

2nd      7.04m      6th    37072m

3rd      14.71m    7th     45.39m

4th       22.38m    8th    53.06m

staggers of 200m race in a stadard track

lane   stagger   lane   stagger

1st    0.00m     5th     15.02m

2nd    3.52m     6th     18.86m

3rd    7.35m     7th     22.69m  

4th    11.19m    8th     26.52m

100 metre hurdle race

1st 0.65m   5th    15.02m

2nd 1.05m   6th    1.65m

3rd 1.35m   7th    1.75m

4th 1.40m   8th    1.70m

9th 1.95m   total  13.00m

110 metre hurdle race

7.athletics terminology

1st  0.6m  5th step   1.65m

2nd  1.10m  6step     1.80m

3rd  1.35m  7th step  1.80m

4th  1.50m  8thstep   13.72

9th  2.20m  total     13.72mts

area

The geographical area comprising all of the countries and territories affiliated to one of the six area associations.

area association

an area association of the iaaf responsible for fostering athletics in one of the six areas into which the members are divided in the constitution.

Athletics:

track and field, road running, race walking, cross-country running and mountain running.

Cas:

court of arbitration for sport in Lausanne.

citizen:

A person who has legal citizenship of a country or, in the case of a territory, legal citizenship of the territory's parent country and appropriate legal status in the territory under applicable laws.

citizenship:

Legal citizenship of a country or, in the case of a territory, legal citizenship of the territory's parent country and appropriate legal status in the territory under applicable laws.

club

a club or society of athletes affiliated to a member in accordance with the rules of the member.

Commission:

A commission of the iaaf that has been appointed by the council under the terms of the constitution.

Constitution

the iaaf constitution

council

the iaaf council.

country

a self governing geographical area of the world recognised as an independent state by international law and international governmental bodies.

iaaf 

the international association of athletics federations.

international invitation meeting

athletics competition in which athletes affiliated to two or more members participate by invitation of the meeting organiser.

international competition

any of the international competitions listed under rule 1.1 of these rules.

ioc

international Olympic committee.

member

a national governing for athletics affiliated to the iaaf 

national federation

the member of the iaaf to which an athlete athlete support personnel or other person under these rules is affiliated

procedural guidelines 

the procedural guidelines for doping control as approved by the council.

regulations 

the regulations of the iaaf as may be passed by the council from time to time.

rules

the rules of competition of the iaaf as set out in this competition rules handbook.

territory

a geographical territory or region which is not a country, but which has certain aspects pf self-government, at least to the extent of being autonomous in the control of its sport and which is thus recognised as such by the iaaf.

world athletics series

the major international competitions in the iaaf's four-yearly official competition programme.

world athletics tour

an annual series of combined events competitions in which athletes participate and can score points in accordance with regulations approved by the council. this series is organised by the iaaf.

world race walking challenge

an annual series of race walking competitions in which athletes participate and CNA score points in accordance with regulations approved by the council. this series is organised by the iaaf.

note 1; the above definitions apply to all rules. there are further definitions in chapter 3 which apply to the anti-droping rules only.

note 2. all reference's in the rules to the masculine gender shall also include references to the feminine and all references to the singular shall also include references to the plural.

note 3: amendments (other than editorial amendments) to the corresponding rules in the iaaf competition rules 2006-2007, approved by the 2007 congress, are marked by double lines in the margin.

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Transition

Transition:

The aim of the transition phase, also known as the cross-over is to place the right foot ahead of the athlete's centre of gravity  as to produce the characteristic lean back. this must be achieved by advancing the right foot forward and not by leaning back.

Right foot remains close to the ground to maintain forward momentum b.right heel makes contact with the ground c. as the right foot is advanced forward the left foot is advanced ahead of the vertical axis so as to be in place ready for a quick plant after the right foot has landed to the forward horizontal direction the cross over phase ends when the right foot makes contact with the ground and the left leg is forward in the air.pre delivery stride

a. the left leg reaches forward

b.shoulders&hips now in line with the direction of throw 

c. the athlete waits for the ground to come up and meet the left foot

c.trunk is upright

d. head facing direction of throw

e. shoulders and javelin parallel

f.throwing hand above the level of the shoulder

Delivery:

Following contact of the left foot with the ground the left side must brace against a thrusting right leg action 

*right leg drives upwards and forwards bringing the hips at 90 to the direction of throw

*hip thrust is followed with the shoulders and chest turning square to the front and lining up with    the hips and bringing the elbow of the throwing arm forward

*the throwing shoulder is brought over the left leg

*the left leg should lift as the athlete rides over it and the throwing arm now comes into play

*arm strikes fast with the elbow high and close to the mid line

*the release angle (angle between the horizontal and the javelin) for the javelin has to take into  consideration aerodynamic lift and drag. the optimum angle for the javelin is about 33 degrees  (baronet,2000)

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Approach run

Approach run:

experienced throwers will use an approach run of 13 to 17 strides-inexperienced throwers will use fewer strides.

a.run on the balls of the feet with hips high

b. free arm to swing more across the body

c. carrying arm to flex to maintain carry position of the javelin

d.speed to match athlete's physical and technical abilities.

Withdrawal:

The aim is to ensure the withdrawal movement does not affect the athlete's momentum. a check mark can be used to indicate start of the withdrawal phase that commences with the right foot and lasts for two strides.

a.at the check mark the athlete accelerates ahead of the javelin rather than physically pushing the shoulders and javelin rather than physically pushing the shoulders and javelin back 

b. head remains facing in the direction of throw

c. maintain hips at right angles to the direction of running

d. drive the right leg forwards and upwards to help maintain the correct position of the hips

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